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Container vegetable gardening
Many vegetables can
be grown successfully in containers. People who live in apartments or
condominiums can grow vegetables in containers on a balcony,
windowsill, or doorstep. Those with a poor site for a
garden—one that is too shady or drains poorly—would
probably be more successful by switching to container gardening. A
container vegetable garden can provide enjoyment as well as fresh
vegetables. In order for the garden to be productive, a well-drained
growing medium, adequate water and fertilizer, and plenty of sunlight
are essential. Containers - Select a container large enough to hold the
plants and accommodate their root systems. Plastic or clay pots, old
pails, bushel baskets, plastic buckets, wash tubs, wooden planters, or
hanging baskets will hold vegetable plants. Almost any type of
container can be used if it provides good drainage through holes on the
sides or bottom. If holes need to be made, drill four or more 1/4-inch
holes evenly spaced around the bottom of the container. To further help
drainage, put about 1/2-inch of coarse gravel, small stones, or pieces
of a broken clay pot in the bottom of each container. These items are
not a substitute for drainage holes, however. The size and number of
containers needed depends on the space available and the vegetables you
intend to grow. Six to 10-inch diameter pots are satisfactory for
chives, parsley, herbs, or a miniature tomato plant such as
‘Pixie Hybrid.’ For most vegetable crops, such as
tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant, a 3- to 5-gallon container is
preferred.
Wood containers will last longer if they are constructed of
the heartwood of naturally durable tree species, such as western red
cedar and redwood. Treated lumber is another option. Lumber that is
treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is recommended for
structures that come in contact with soil. CCA wood preservative is
forced into the wood under a pressure treatment process where it fixes
to the wood and remains permanently. CCA will not leach out of
well-dried treated wood and is rarely toxic to plants. The life of
CCA-treated wood in soil contact is 40 years. CCA treated lumber is
widely available under such trade names as Wolmanized. It has a slight
green hue and is sold for use as landscape timbers, fencing, and decks.
Container gardens require a growing medium that drains well, yet does
not dry out too fast. Select a light-weight growing mix. Pots, hanging
baskets, and planter boxes can be heavy to move or suspend and are much
easier to handle if soil weight is kept to a minimum. Soilless potting
mixes are best for container vegetable gardening. They have several
advantages over soil. Soilless mixes are free of plant disease
organisms and weed seeds, are less likely to compact, hold moisture and
plant nutrients well, and are lightweight—making the
container more portable. Soilless potting mixes can be purchased from
garden centers and retail outlets or they can be prepared using
horticultural grade vermiculite, peat moss, limestone, and 5-10-5
fertilizer (see table 3). Peat moss and vermiculite are extremely light
materials. Water molecules do not readily stick to them when dry. Add
water when mixing the materials. Store the moistened soilless mix in
plastic garbage bags. Wood preservatives that you can buy and apply are
copper or zinc naphthenate.
They are nontoxic to plants and are available under trade
names such as Cuprinol at lumber and hardware stores. Treat the inside
and outside of Wood preservatives that you can buy and apply are copper
or zinc naphthenate. They are nontoxic to plants and are available
under trade names such as Cuprinol at lumber and hardware stores. Treat
the inside and outside of wooden containers before painting. Do not use
creosote or pentachlorophenol as these can damage or kill plants. A
garden box that will hold a few vegetable plants can be easily made. A
manageable size is 18 in. x 24 in. x 8 in. Drainage holes must be
drilled in the bottom or around the sides near the bottom of the box. A
mesh screen can be cut to fit the bottom of the container to allow
water, but not soil, to drain. The depth of the container is important,
and the requirement varies with the crop. Soil 6 to 8 inches deep is
the minimum for most vegetables. Root crops, such as carrots, and the
larger plants will do better in deeper soil. See table 2 for the amount
of soil needed to fill various sized containers. wooden containers
before painting. Do not use creosote or pentachlorophenol as these can
damage or kill plants. Most vegetables that grow in a typical
backyard garden will do well as container-grown plants. Vegetables best
suited for containers include tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, green
onions, beans, lettuce, summer squash, radishes, parsley, and herbs.
Select varieties that were developed for growing in small
areas—those with compact, bush, or dwarf growth habits. See
table 4 for suggested varieties for container gardens. If the container
garden is to be ornamental as well as food producing, there are several
vegetables that are both attractive and tasty. Lettuce, for example,
makes an attractive border in a planter box. Annual flowers also can be
planted among the vegetables. Dwarf marigolds are a colorful addition.
Herbs also are attractive as well as useful. Many herbs can be brought
indoors in the fall to provide a continuous supply of fresh herbs
throughout the winter. To prune a tomato, remove the small shoots that
form in the axils of the leaves and stems. If these shoots are not
pinched out, they will grow and make the plants difficult to train. Tie
the stems loosely to the stake. Tomato cages should be made of fencing
material of at least 4-inch mesh so the fruit can be harvested easily.
Cages should be at least 24 inches in diameter. Sunlight is important
for producing quality vegetables. Nearly all vegetables grow and
produce best when grown in full sunlight. Leafy vegetables (lettuce,
cabbage, greens, spinach, and parsley) tolerate more shade than root
crops (radishes, beets, and onions). Plants that bear fruit, such as
cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant, require the most sun. It is
best to place a garden in a location that receives at least 6 hours of
sunlight per day. One advantage of container gardening is mobility. A
garden can be positioned where it will benefit from the best possible
growing conditions. The garden may need to be rotated so that all
plants receive ample sunlight. Since the roots of container-grown
plants do not have much soil from which to obtain nutrients, they
require fertilization more frequently than field-grown vegetables. A
soluble fertilizer (15-30-15 or 20-20-20) applied once every week or
two is recommended. This can be applied while watering. Plants grown in
containers require frequent watering because they dry out quickly from
sun and wind. Some plants may require daily watering. Apply enough
water to reach the bottom of the container and allow the excess to
drain through the drainage holes. Never allow the soil to dry out
completely between watering. This may cause the plants to drop their
fruits and flowers. On the other hand, do not overwater a container
garden. Overwatering will slowly kill plants because the roots will not
receive enough oxygen. When growing standard-sized tomato varieties,
use a stake or cage to keep the vines upright. If staked, plants should
be pruned to produce manageable one- to two-stem plants. While
watering, avoid wetting the leaves. If a sprinkler can s used, do not
water late in the day as the plant foliage will stay wet all night. Wet
leaves encourage the development of plant diseases. |
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